Debate sobre el desarrollo del turismo y la sustentabilidad
Keywords:
Turismo sustentable, sustentabilidad, dimensiones de la sustentabilidad.Abstract
RESUMEN: El presente trabajo aborda el concepto de la sustentabilidad, con una mirada crítica a sus incongruencias en el tiempo y a su relación con el desarrollo del turismo. Se hace un recorrido de este concepto desde su surgimiento en 1987 y se proponen criterios acerca de sus dimensiones. El artículo hace un llamado al debate sobre el desarrollo del turismo y la sustentabilidad, mostrando ejemplos internacionales y nacionales que han causado impactos significativos. Se considera que el desarrollo turístico debe basarse en la planificación integrada, participativa y estratégica, articulada en términos políticos. Debe también aprovechar racional y responsablemente los recursos ambientales y el patrimonio histórico-cultural, posibilitando su conservación y preservación. Debe promover a la vez, una mejoría de las condiciones de vida de las poblaciones residentes, así como la satisfacción de las expectativas de los turistas.
ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the concept of sustainability, with a critical look of its incongruities in time and its relationship with the development of tourism. In this paper, a tour of this concept is made since its inception in 1987, and criteria about its dimensions are proposed. The article calls the debate on tourism development and sustainability, showing international and national examples that have caused significant impacts. The authors suggest that tourism development should be based on integrated, participatory and strategic planning, articulated in political terms. It should also use rationally and responsibly the environmental resources and the historical and cultural heritage as well, making it possible its conservation and preservation. It should promote both an improvement in the living conditions of resident populations and the satisfaction of tourists´ expectations.
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