Recursos para el manejo de la forma: Antecedentes y estudios cognitivos contemporáneos
Keywords:
Recursos para el manejo de la forma, principios de agrupamiento perceptivo, Gestalt, estudios cognitivos contemporáneos, enseñanza del diseño.Abstract
RESUMEN: Desde el surgimiento de instituciones dedicadas a la enseñanza del diseño, las leyes de la percepción han sido temática fundamental. Estas se traducen en recursos para el manejo de la forma. Dichas leyes provienen de postulados de la escuela Gestalt, corriente psicológica de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. La enseñanza del diseño en Cuba continúa trabajando los recursos para el manejo de la forma a partir de interpretaciones gestálticas: los estudiantes y diseñadores profesionales aprenden y emplean una serie de ‘normas’, parcialmente desactualizadas si se tienen en cuenta los avances recientes de los estudios cognitivos contemporáneos. El presente artículo revisa los principios de agrupamiento perceptivo, componente esencial de las mencionadas leyes. Parte de la teoría Gestalt clásica y aborda los desarrollos cognitivos posteriores. Esta revisión ofrece argumentos para una actualización de la teoría del diseño y disciplinas afines.
ABSTRACT: The perception laws have been a fundamental topic since the appearance of institutions dedicated to the design teaching. As a regularity, these laws translate as resources for form handling, in the discipline´s language. The perception laws proceed from the Gestalt school’s postulates, a psychological doctrine from the first decades of the 20th century. The design teaching in Cuba continues working the resources for form handling as a result of gestaltic interpretations: students and professional designers learn and use a series of rules, partially outdated, according to recent findings incontemporary cognitive studies. The present article reviews the principles of perceptive grouping, essential component of the mentioned laws. It takes as starting point the classical Gestalt theory and approaches the posterior cognitive contributions. This revision offers the evidences for a bringing up to date of the design theory and related disciplines.
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