Experiencias en la aplicación del hormigón hidrófugo en cubiertas de edificios multifamiliares
Abstract
Resumen: Como respuesta ante los serios problemas que presentan las impermeabilizaciones de cubiertas en el país y la carencia de materiales en la coyuntura actual, han surgido alternativas dentro de las que se encuentra la experiencia que se resume en este trabajo. Se presentan los primeros resultados de la aplicación del hormigón hidrófugo en cubiertas, con el objetivo de conformar sustratos para futuras impermeabilizaciones y aprovechar sus cualidades hidrofugantes. Se estudiaron las características que deben tener las mezclas y la forma en que se debe aplicar el hormigón sobre la cubierta, escogiendo la variante de una losa de pequeño espesor (carpeta) con juntas diseñadas y tratadas de forma estanca. Transcurrido algo más de un año de haber sido aplicada esta alternativa en edificios multifamiliares de la provincia Villa Clara, se realizó un levantamiento patológico para identificar los principales defectos y deterioros, así como sus causas. Se comprobó que en la etapa de ejecución es donde se generan la mayor cantidad de daños y que la alternativa ha logrado detener las filtraciones en más del 95 % de los edificios intervenidos.
Palabras Clave: hormigón hidrófugo, soporte, impermeabilización, cubiertas.
Abstract: Faced with serious problems presented by waterproofing roofs in Cuba and the lack of materials in the current situation, alternatives have emerged and are summarized in this paper. We present preliminary results of the application of hydrophobic concrete on roofs with the objective of forming substrates for future waterproofing and exploit their water repellent qualities. The characteristics required for mixtures and how the concrete should be applied on cover, was studied and the alternative of a small thickness slab (folder) with designed joints and treated in a sealed manner, was chosen. After more than a year of being applied, this alternative in multifamily buildings in the Province of Villa Clara, a survey was conducted to identify major defects and damages, as well as their causes. It was found that the execution stage generated the highest amount of damages and that the proposed alternative has managed to stop the leaks in over 95% of the intervened buildings.
Keywords: covers, hydrophobic concrete, waterproofing, bracke
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