El modernismo radical de Oscar Niemeyer
Abstract
RESUMEN
PALABRAS CLAVE
The Radical Modernism of Oscar Niemeyer
ABSTRACT
: As the pre-eminent figure of one of the
most innovative and irreverent national interpretations
of architectural modernism, and radical critic of orthodox
modernist aesthetic formulae and moralizing ideologies,
Oscar Niemeyer (1907–2012) occupies a unique place in
the history of architecture. Motivated by a post-colonial
wish to undo the image of Brazil as backward, he
privileged invention and tirelessly explored the structural
and formal possibilities of reinforced concrete, striving
for ‘splendour’ and ‘lightness’ – qualities in excess of the
functionalist fulfilment of programmatic requirements.
Transgressing doctrinaire Modernism and subverting
hegemonic cultural models, Niemeyer’s work affirmed
spectacle and luxury, pleasure, beauty and sensuality
as legitimate architectural pursuits. His aesthetic of
excess, habitually interpreted as a reflection of Brazil’s
tropical Otherness, was rooted in the country’s native
traditions and tropical landscape, and challenged the
dominance of clean white walls, straight lines and right
angles, which, for Niemeyer, ‘issued from a European
ethical tradition’.
KEYWORDS
: Oscar Niemeyer, modernism, Brazil,
antropofagia, irreverence, transgression of orthodox
modernism, subversion of hegemonic cultural models,
decolonization.
: Oscar Niemeyer, modernismo,
Brasil, antropofagia, irreverencia, transgresión de
la ortodoxia modernista, subversión de modelos
hegemónicos culturales, descolonización.
: Oscar Niemeyer (1907–2012), el protagonista
de una de las más innovadoras e irreverentes
interpretaciones del modernismo arquitectónico y un
crítico radical de las fórmulas estéticas e ideologías
moralistas del modernismo ortodoxo, ocupa un lugar
único en la historia de la arquitectura. Motivado por el
deseo poscolonial de derribar la imagen de un Brasil
atrasado, Niemeyer privilegió la invención y exploró
incasablemente las posibilidades estructurales y
formales del hormigón armado, buscando cualidades
que exceden los requisitos programáticos del
funcionalismo. Su arquitectura afirmó el espectáculo, el
lujo, el placer, la belleza y la sensualidad como legítimos
fines arquitectónicos, para transgredir el modernismo
doctrinario y subvertir los modelos culturales
hegemónicos. Su estética del exceso estaba arraigada
en las tradiciones propias de Brasil y su paisaje tropical,
y desafió el predominio de los muros blancos y puros,
las líneas y los ángulos rectos, los cuales procedían,
según Niemeyer, de una «tradición ética europea».
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