LA VIVIENDA EN EL BATEY AZUCARERO DEL ORIENTE CUBANO
Abstract
La penetración del capital norteamericano en la región
oriental de Cuba en los primeros años del siglo XX influyó
en la definición de poblaciones que nacen o renacen al calor
de este proceso. Las compañías azucareras confieren gran
importancia a la construcción de viviendas para sus
empleados, para ello aunque asumen una misma tipología
heredera del bungalow toman en cuenta la función que
desempeñan, de ahí el carácter jerárquico evidente en la
arquitectura doméstica. Aunque se reconoce la presencia
foránea en los tipos promovidos por las compañías debe
tenerse en cuenta la influencia que pudo haber ejercido la
arquitectura local en estos programas constructivos y al
mismo tiempo la impronta de los modelos más permeados
del hálito anglosajón en la actividad constructiva desarrollada
por gestión particular por miembros de los sectores más
pudientes de algunas localidades. Finalmente se hace un
llamado acerca de la situación actual de las comunidades
azucareras y la necesidad de asumir alguna estrategia con
vistas a su salvación.
Palabras clave: comunidades azucareras, viviendas de madera,
supervivencias.
The penetration of the North American capital in the oriental
region of Cuba in the first years of the XX century influenced
in the definition of populations that are born or they reborn
to the heat of this process. The sugar companies confer
great importance to the construction of housings for their
employees, for it although they assume oneself tipology
heiress of the bungalow they take into account the function
that they carry out, of there the evident hierarchical character
in the domestic architecture. Although the strange presence
is recognized in the types promoted by the companies it
should be kept in mind the influence that could have
exercised the local architecture in these constructive
programs and at the same time the impact of the models of
the Anglo-Saxon breath in the constructive activity developed
by particular administration by members of the richest sectors
in some towns. Finally a call is made about the current
situation of the sugar communities and the necessity of
assuming some strategy with a view to its salvation.
Key words: sugar communities, wooden housings, survivals.
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