Ciudades latinoamericanas entre mediados del siglo XIX y principios del XX: del Higienismo al Urbanismo
Keywords:
Insalubridad, epidemias, Movimiento Higienista, Urbanismo, modernidad, ciudades latinoamericanas.Abstract
Ciudades latinoamericanas entre mediados del siglo XIX y principios del XX: del Higienismo al Urbanismo
RESUMEN: Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y primeras del XX, las ciudades de América Latina fueron sujetas a intervenciones sustentadas en las ideas del Higienismo en su evolución hacia el Urbanismo, pretendiendo atender insalubridad, y aspiraciones de progreso y modernidad. De ahí el objetivo de mostrar esfuerzos de gobiernos y profesionales que buscaron transformar los espacios de vida, a partir de apropiarse y reelaborar teorías, técnicas, métodos, legislaciones y cuestiones administrativas procedentes sobre todo de Europa. Se hizo un análisis histórico basado en el proceso asumido por el Urbanismo, que sigue un análisis de problemas, construcción de teorías interpretativas y propositivas, creación de métodos y técnicas ideados, confección de leyes, y ejecución de planes y proyectos. Hubo de consultar textos de la época y de autores contemporáneos, y visitar de primera mano ciudades. Esto permite presentar aspectos de la historia del Urbanismo en América Latina en los cual aún es necesario profundizar.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Insalubridad, epidemias, Movimiento Higienista, Urbanismo, modernidad, ciudades latinoamericanas.
Latin American Cities between the Mid-Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century: From Hygienism to Urbanism
ABSTRACT: Between the last decades of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, cities in Latin America were subject to interventions based on the ideas of the Hygiene Movement, which later developed towards urbanism. This period was characterized by efforts to address unsanitary conditions in relation to aspirations for progress and modernity. This paper intends to demonstrate the efforts of governments and professionals who wanted to transform their vital spaces by implementing and reframing theories, techniques, methods, laws, and administrative areas, inspired primarily by European models. A historical analysis based on the processes achieved by urban planning was undertaken. Urban planning originated from different problem analysis, construction of interpretive and propositional theories, creation of methods and techniques, preparation of laws, and adoption of plans and projects. Primary sources of that time as well as contemporary authors were consulted, and relevant cities were directly visited. This made it possible to present aspects of the history of urbanism in Latin America that need further investigation.
KEYWORDS: unsanitary conditions, epidemics, Hygiene Movement, Urbanism, modernity, Latin American cities.
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