Integración arquitectónica de la fachada fotovoltaica. Potencial solar y percepción de usuario en la vivienda colectiva
Keywords:
energía solar, fachada fotovoltaica, vivienda colectiva, percepción usuarioAbstract
RESUMEN: Los sistemas de energía solar activa suelen ser incorporados en la cubierta, sin aprovechar la superficie disponible en la envolvente vertical. Este artículo plantea una novedosa revisión del potencial
solar de fachada y percepción del usuario en un caso de estudio de vivienda colectiva en Concepción, Chile. Se determina la demanda energética mediante Design Builder, se calcula el potencial solar y rendimientos utilizando Vasari. Estas simulaciones permitieron
determinar la capacidad del sistema fotovoltaico en esta tipología arquitectónica. Luego se hace un análisis económico y una encuesta a los usuarios. Los resultados muestran que se puede abastecer 36,59% calefacción y 134,49% iluminación; con una recuperación de la
inversión de siete años. Finalmente, la percepción de los usuarios es positiva y se identifican como las mayores preocupaciones el aspecto económico y el funcionamiento del sistema. El estudio presenta un
análisis integral de las condiciones arquitectónicas para la implementación de una fachada funcional-energética que sugiere un potencial de expresión arquitectónica de las nuevas tecnologías.
ABSTRACT: The active solar energy systems are often incorporated into the roofs of buildings without use of the available surface in the vertical enclosure. This article reviews the solar potential of facades and user
perception in Collective Housing in Concepcion, Chile. Energy demand is determined by Design Builder, the solar potential and performance of systems are calculated using Vasari. These simulations allowed
determining the capacity of the PV system in this architectural type. Also, an economic analysis and a survey to users were made. The results show that it can supply 36.59% to heating and 134.49% to lighting; with
a return on the investment of seven years. Finally, the perception of the users is positive, being identified as the biggest concern the economic aspect and the operation of the system. The study shows an energy-functional facade that suggests a potential for architectural
expression with new technologies.
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