Evaluación y percepción de la iluminación natural en aulas de preescolar, Región de los Lagos, Chile.
Keywords:
Luz natural, Confort visual infantes, Percepción de la luz, Arquitectura pre-escolar.Abstract
RESUMEN: La luz natural influye positivamente en el
desarrollo de los niños, por ello se busca evaluar la
iluminación natural en establecimientos preescolares
de la JUNJI (Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles,
Chile), para reconocer su importancia y así mejorarla
arquitectura pre-escolar. Se realizó un análisis
lumínico comparativo de aulas de dos jardines
infantiles, evaluando su cumplimiento de estándares
de iluminación escolar base. Para esto, se realizó
un análisis espacial con fotografías de alto rango
dinámico para evaluar deslumbramiento y contraste.
Además, se realizó un análisis de asoleamiento para
solsticios y equinoccios; y simulaciones digitales para
predecir comportamiento lumínico anual. Se comprobó
la relevancia de la orientación en aulas de jardines
infantiles: siendo la mejor, la Noreste. Asimismo, se
sugirió un rango de iluminancia más permisivo que
el utilizado en espacios de educación tradicional.
Finalmente se analizó el comportamiento de niños a
través de encuestas de percepción a educadoras.
ABSTRACT: Natural light has a positive influence on child
development, which is why the preschool establishments
of the JUNJI (national meeting of kindergartens, Chile)
seek to evaluate their natural lighting to recognize its
importance and thereby improve preschool architecture.
A comparative light analysis was carried out between
rooms in two different preschool establishments,
evaluating their compliance with baseline school
lighting standards. To do this, a spatial analysis was
done with dynamic high range photos to evaluate glare
and contrast. In addition, a sun analysis for solstices
and equinoxes was done; along with digital simulations
to predict annual lighting behavior. The relevance of
preschool room orientations was demonstrated; with
the best option, being Northeasterly. At the same time,
a range of lighting wider than that usually applied in
traditional education space was suggested. Finally, child
behavior was analyzed through educator perception
surveys.
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