Calidad y desempeño durable de las viviendas. La percepción de sus residentes
Abstract
En este artículo se abordan los conceptos de calidad y durabilidad de las edificaciones, en particular de las viviendas, así como su impacto económico y social. A partir del estudio del conjunto habitacional La Granjita (1998) en la ciudad de Santa Clara, se evalúa el impacto en el desempeño de las viviendas, de determinados problemas de calidad, tomando como base su reflejo en la percepción de los residentes. El sector estudiado está compuesto por edificios multifamiliares de baja altura, donde, a pesar del poco tiempo de explotación, se han manifestado diversos deterioros prematuros y defectos de diseño y construcción, que impactan negativamente en la satisfacción de sus residentes. La evaluación posocupación (EPO) de edificaciones es una herramienta poco explotada, tanto en Cuba como a nivel internacional, a pesar de sus significativos beneficios para un mejoramiento continuo de la calidad de las construcciones. Como interés y novedad, se plantea, la exposición de métodos y técnicas empleados para la realización de la EPO y las conclusiones específicas y generales a las que se llega, para la prevención de tales problemas desde la fase de concepción y diseño de la obra.Palabras clave: desempeño de la vivienda, satisfacción de residentes, evaluación posocupacional, calidad y durabilidad de edificaciones.
Abstract: This paper includes preliminary conclusions regarding the importance of quality and long time performance of buildings, particularly housing buildings, from the viewpoint of the satisfaction of the users, as well as socioeconomic consequences and impact of problems related with quality. A case study is presented, where the impacto long time performance of buildings is assessed, and the influence of quality problems, all base on the perception of the inhabitants. The Post-Occupation Evaluation (POE) of the buildings is a tool at last not enough used in Cuba and overseas, regardless of the significant benefits of its use to improve construction quality. The case studied is the housing project La Granjita, which initiated in Santa Clara in 1998. The project consists of multi-family low-rise buildings conceived on purpose for this environment, whohave undergone a sudden process of deterioration, mainly because of errors in design and malfunctioning, whichhave a negative impact on the quality of life of residents. The main thrust of the paper is the presentation of thetechniques and methodology used for the POE, as well as the specific conclusions deriving from the analysis, whichwould contribute to resolve these problems from the conception phase.
Key words: house performance, resident’s satisfaction, post occupational evaluation, quality.
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Published
2013-12-18
How to Cite
Artiles, D. M., & Olivera, A. (2013). Calidad y desempeño durable de las viviendas. La percepción de sus residentes. Revista científica De Arquitectura Y Urbanismo, 28(2), 34–39. Retrieved from https://rau.cujae.edu.cu/index.php/revistaau/article/view/273
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a. The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as well as a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
b. Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as a more early and major published papers (See The Effect of Open Access, in English).