Mejoramiento ambiental de viviendas urbanas unifamiliares en centro-sur de Chile
Abstract
Resumen: Chile, al igual que muchos países en desarrollo, presenta un sostenido crecimiento residencial y energético, pero con relevante impacto ambiental. El país ha comenzado aplicar programas y regulaciones en estos aspectos, sin embargo, carece de antecedentes detallados del comportamiento residencial. Este trabajo presenta una novedosa estrategia de análisis de viviendas urbanas unifamiliares de la zona centro-sur, para fomentar un efectivo mejoramiento ambiental. El estudio está basado en estadísticas constructivas y en la revisión de cincuenta casos, además de analizar sistemas de simulación energética, monitoreos y modelaciones de una docena de viviendas. Se revisaron también algunas experiencias de diseño y rehabilitación, posteriormente se identifican patrones de consumo energético y características arquitectónicas incidentes, definiendo modificaciones específicas para la simulación de esta tipología en la región, como clima, geometría, ocupación, materialidad y sistemas, y revelando dispersiones en las condiciones de confort y calidad constructiva. Se advierte finalmente una encrucijada entre las expectativas poblacionales y la ejecución habitacional que se debe ajustar durante el diseño residencial, mediante análisis y acciones adecuadas al desarrollo local.
Palabras Clave: vivienda, simulación energética, desempeño ambiental, rehabilitación, chile.
Abstract: Chile, like many developing countries, presents a continuous residential growth and of energy consumption, but with a significant environmental impact. The nation has implemented programs and regulations, but there is a lack of detailed information on the housing performance. This paper presents a novel strategy for the analysis of urban single housing in the centre-south area of the country, to foster effective environmental improvements. The analysis is based on building statistics and the review of fifty homes, as well as energy simulation, with modeling and long-time monitoring of a dozen of these cases. Some experiences of improved housing design and refurbishment were also examined. This research work identifies energy performance patterns and related architectural characteristics. It has managed specific conditions to simulate this regional typology by climate, geometry, occupancy, materiality and equipment, demonstrating differences in comfort levels and building quality. At the end the study reveals a conflict between user’s expectations and construction quality, which must be faced in the design process with actions on line with local development.
KeyWords: housing, energy simulation, Environmental Performance, Refurbishment, Chile.
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