Formas de deterioro presentes en las fachadas de piedra de “El Arsenal”
Keywords:
conservación de la piedra, deterioro, diagnósticoAbstract
RESUMEN: El presente trabajo trata los diferentes estados de deterioro que presenta la piedra que conforma los elementos constructivos de “El Arsenal”, partiendo del estado del arte de reconocidas construcciones militares habaneras. Se realizó la caracterización y determinación
del tipo de piedra empleada y sus propiedades; el análisis de las formas de alteración y su relación con los agentes medioam bientales. Se hizo también una nueva propuesta de clasificación, definiéndose que los
organismos vivos son el principal agente de deterioro. El lienzo de muralla resultó ser uno de los elementos verticales más afectados, cuya superficie se encuentra expuesta a la acción directa del medio ambiente y no
cuenta con ningún tipo de protección. Los resultados tienen la finalidad de contribuir a la conservación de esta construcción histórica, exponente de la arquitectura militar que se desarrolló en La Habana, entre los siglos
XVI y XVIII, la cual, pese al deterioro, aún mantiene sus valores esenciales.
ABSTRACT: The current study deals with different states of decay exhibited by the stone that forms the constructive elements in “The Arsenal,” departing from the state of the art of well-known military constructions
in Havana. A characterization and identification of the type of stone was carried out, as well as a reconnaissance of their properties. A new proposal
for classification was also made, concluding that living organisms are the principal factor causing the decay. The defensive walls were among the most affected vertical elements, since their surfaces are exposed to
the elements without any form of protection. The results of this article aim at contributing to the conservation efforts of this historic building, emblematic of military constructions in Havana between the XVI and XVIII
centuries, which, despite the decay, still preserves its essential values.
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